Time:2023.11.01Browse:1
Graphene already exists in nature, but it is difficult to peel off a single layer structure. Graphene is stacked layer by layer to form graphite, with a thickness of 1 millimeter containing approximately 3 million layers of graphene. A pencil lightly scratches on paper, leaving traces that may be several or even just one layer of graphene.
The carrier mobility of graphene at room temperature is about 15000 cm2/(V · s), which is more than 10 times that of silicon material and more than twice that of the known material indium antimonide (InSb) with the highest carrier mobility. Under certain specific conditions, such as low temperature, the carrier mobility of graphene can even reach up to 250000 cm2/(V · s). Unlike many materials, the electron mobility of graphene is less affected by temperature changes. At any temperature between 50 and 500K, the electron mobility of single-layer graphene is around 15000 cm2/(V · s).
In addition, the semi integer quantum Hall effect of electron carriers and hole carriers in graphene can be observed by changing the chemical potential through the action of an electric field. Scientists have observed this quantum Hall effect of graphene at room temperature, and the carriers in graphene follow a special quantum tunneling effect that does not produce backscattering when encountering impurities, This is the reason for the local super conductivity and high carrier mobility of graphene. The electrons and photons in graphene have no stationary mass, and their velocity is a constant independent of kinetic energy.
Graphene is a zero distance semiconductor, as its conduction and valence band meet at the Dirac point. At the six positions of the Dirac point, the edge Brillouin of the momentum space is divided into two sets of equivalent triplets. In contrast, the main points of traditional semiconductors are usually Γ, The momentum is zero.