The consumption of graphite electrodes is mainly related to the quality of the electrodes themselves, as well as to steelmaking operations and processes.

(1) Electrode end consumption. Its consumption includes the sublimation of graphite material caused by high arc temperature, as well as the loss of chemical reactions between the electrode end and molten steel and slag. The electrode end consumption is also related to whether the electrode is inserted into the molten steel to increase.

(2) Oxidation loss on the outer surface of the electrode. In recent years, in order to improve the smelting rate of electric furnaces, oxygen blowing has been widely used, which has led to an increase in electrode oxidation losses. In general, the oxidation loss on the outer circular surface of the electrode accounts for about 50% of the total electrode consumption.

(3) Residual loss of electrodes or connectors. A small section of electrode or connector that is continuously used at the connection between the upper and lower electrodes is prone to falling and increasing consumption.

(4) The loss of electrode breakage, surface peeling, and chipping. These three types of electrode losses are collectively referred to as mechanical losses, among which the reason for electrode breakage and detachment is a disputed point between the steelmaking plant and the graphite electrode production plant in identifying quality accidents, as it may be due to issues with the quality and processing of graphite electrodes, or problems with steelmaking operations.